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Gambar hiasan: “Kanak -Kanak Bangi -sekitar 1948” (Faizal Hj Zainal, September 14, 2008: |"Sejarah Bangi").

“Antara anak anak BANGI 1940 an..Mak pun dah usia 80lebih..Mak gambar depan 2 Dari kanan” - Firdaus Aus Zainal (FB Pekan Bangi, 13 September 2024: |"Catatan Sejarah Awal Sekolah Kebangsaan Bangi. Sempena Ulang tahun ke 100." (Ruangan komen)).

	Tarikh	Butiran Keratan
	1940.01.15	"TECHNICAL EDUCATION NOW OF SPECIAL IMPORTANCE". The Straits Times, 15 January 1940, Page 12

Laporan mesyuarat I.S.P. (Incorporated Society of Planters) tentang peri penting pendidikan teknikal bagi bakal petugas operasi ladang, sebagai persediaan bagi mereka mengambil alih peranan pihak pengurusan kelak. Ini termasuk pendidikan dan peperiksaan bahasa pertuturan/komunikasi para pekerja ladang, iaitu Bahasa Tamil, Telugu dan Melayu. Sebelum musim peperangan, peperiksaan ini dikelola oleh pihak kerajaan. Kini terpaksa diambil alih oleh persatuan. Peperiksaan Bahasa Tamil yang pertama telah dikelola oleh pengurus Broome Estate di Bangi, Mr. F.J. Pratt.

CATATAN: Mr. F.J. Pratt kemudiannya dilantik sebagai ahli Majlis Negeri Selangor pada 15 Jun 1940. Pada tahun 1939, Mr. F.J. Pratt ialah antara individu yang menyokong cadangan awal penubuhan kumpulan wang simpanan pekerja ladang.

LATAR PERISTIWA: Frederic James (F.J.) Pratt.

LATAR PERISTIWA: Broome Estate.

	Tarikh	Butiran Keratan
	1940.07.13	"PLANNING ELECTRICITY FOR MALAYA'S VILLAGES". The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser, 13 July 1940, Page 7

Perancangan bekalan elektrik bagi beberapa kawasan luar bandar termasuk Bangi. Antara faktor pencetusnya ialah permintaan bekalan elektrik yang semakin meningkat di kalangan pengguna awam.

CATATAN 1: Mulai pertengahan 1920-an sehingga menjelang tahun 1940, penggunaan peralatan elektrik harian semakin meluas dalam operasi perlombongan bijih timah.

(Mohamad Khairul Anuar Mohd Rosli, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd Rus @ SEJARAH Vol. 27 No. 2, 2018: |"IMPAK ELEKTRIK DALAM PERKEMBANGAN INDUSTRI BIJIH TIMAH DI SELANGOR DAN PERAK, 1927-1940").

Demikian juga di kalangan masyarakat awam ketika itu, yang mula menggunakan pelbagai peralatan elektrik dalam aktiviti harian mereka: “Ternyata perkembangan kemudahan bekalan elektrik membuatkan permintaan terhadap barangan elektrik semakin meningkat sehingga membawa kepada penubuhan lebih banyak syarikat perniagaan. Penubuhan syarikat-syarikat perniagaan ini pula menjadi pelengkap kepada pembangunan kemudahan bekalan elektrik yang dibuat oleh pihak kerajaan dan syarikat swasta. Tenaga yang disediakan boleh dimanfaatkan sepenuhnya oleh penduduk tempatan dengan menggunakan barangan elektrik dalam menjalankan kehidupan harian. Didapati tenaga elektrik yang dijual untuk kegunaan persendirian dan domestik mencatatkan peningkatan daripada 2,055,841 unit pada tahun 1929 kepada 13,084,845 unit menjelang tahun 1939. Di sebalik peningkatan tersebut, jelas menunjukkan penggunaan barangan elektrik semakin mendapat tempat dalam kalangan penduduk tempatan. Secara tersiratnya, keadaan ini memberi keuntungan kepada pemilik syarikat perniagaan berasaskan elektrik.” (Mohamad Khairul Anuar Mohd Rosli, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd Rus @ Jebat Volume 45 (2), December 2018: |"Perkhidmatan Bekalan Elektrik di Negeri-Negeri Melayu Bersekutu Sebelum Tahun 1940: Perkembangan dan Impak Ekonomi", m.s.38).

CATATAN 2: Kemungkinan ini adalah antara langkah awal perancangan pembekalan elektrik awam secara berpusat, sehingga tertubuhnya Central Electricity Board (CEB) pada tahun 1949: “Until the mid nineteen twenties, most generating plants were small and used a variety of fuel including low grade coal, local wood, charcoal and important oil as well as water power. As the rapid increase in electricity demands continued to manifest; large scale planning, huge sums of capital from overseas and hiring of foreign technical experts became essential. Hence, the Central Electricity Board (CEB) was established and came into operation on 1 September 1949. The Board was to become heir to three major projects considered by the Electricity Department following its re-establishment in April 1946: The Connaught Bridge Power Station, The Cameron Highlands Hydroelectric Project & The development of a National Grid. CEB became owner to 34 power stations with a generation capacity of 39.88 MW, including a steam power station in Bangsar with a capacity of 26.5 MW, a hydroelectric power station at Ulu Langat with a capacity of 2.28 MW as well as various diesel affairs with a total capacity of 11.1 MW. CEB also became owner to both transmission and distribution systems above and below ground valued at close to thirty million dollars, as well as the impressive list of 45,495 consumers and staff of 2,466. The age of private generators has come to an end, and all walks of life continue to enjoy fair share of electricity.” (Tenaga Nasional Berhad: |"HISTORY").

	Tarikh	Butiran Keratan
	1941	|"Sejarah Bangi". Faizal Hj Zainal, 2008

“Tapak lot tanah Masjid Bangi mula dimohon oleh penduduk Bangi pada tahun 1919 iaitu setahun setelah Bangi mendapat Ketua Kampung yang rasmi dan telah mendapat kelulusan dan digazetkan pada tahun 1928 dengan tujuan untuk pembinaan sebuah surau. Tanah seluas 1 acre 7 perches ini terletak berdekatan Balai Polis Bangi yang telah awal dibina pada 1914. Masjid ini dikatakan dibina pada tahun 1941 dengan binaan kayu kemudian dibangunkan kembali pada tahun awal 70an dengan reka bentuk rasmi masjid-masjid kerajaan semasa itu.”

“Masjid Bangi sekitar 1948”

Masjid Bangi kini.

LATAR PERISTIWA: Sejarah Awal Bangi: 1941: Pembinaan Masjid Bangi

	Tarikh	Butiran Keratan
	1941.06.20	"$1,000 LOAN FOR WAR". The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser, 20 June 1941, Page 5

Mr. C.A.V. Buxton, pengurus Ladang Bukit Tunggu(l), memberi pinjaman $1,000 kepada kerajaan British untuk biaya perang.

“Penaklukan Jepun bermula dengan pendaratan tentera Jepun di Singora dan Patani, Thailand serta Kota Bahru, Kelantan pada 8 Disember 1941. Serangan Jepun ke atas Tanah Melayu dilakukan melalui tiga penjuru, iaitu dari utara melalui Jitra, Jalan Keroh-Grik dan melalui Pantai Timur. Pada 11 lanuari 1942, Jepun menduduki Kuala Lumpur dan tentera Jepun terus mara untuk menakluki Kajang dan Klang. Berikutan kejatuhan pertahanan British di Singapura pada 15 Februari 1942, seluruh Tanah Melayu telah jatuh ke tangan Jepun. Pentadbiran tentera Jepun telah menyusun semula unit politik di wilayah itu dengan menjadikan Singapura sebagai pusat wilayah pentadbiran tentera dengan menggabungkan Negeri-negeri Selat, Negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu, Negeri-negeri Melayu Tidak Bersekutu dan Sumatera.” (Ho Hui Ling @ Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia, 2009: |"Zaman Pendudukan Jepun di Tanah Melayu, 1941-1945: Penentangan Orang Cina Melalui Malayan People's Anti Japanese Army (MPAJA)").

Maklumat lanjut tentang penaklukan Jepun di Malaya:-

• Kevin Blackburn, Karl Hack, 2012: |"War Memory and the Making of Modern Malaysia and Singapore" (PDF)

• Rosnani Ibrahim @ Selangor Dahulu & Sekarang, 1985: |"Pendudukan Jepun di Hulu Langat", m.s. 141-159).

	Tarikh	Butiran Keratan
	1942.01.12	|"THE JAPANESE INTERREGNUM-TOA SEINEN GAKKO; IKENOBU SAN, TSUBOCHI SANAND NIPPON-GO". Hanafiah Lubis
	1942.01.11	|"SELANGOR. JAPANESE INVASION OF MALAYA 1942. MALAYSIA 1957 OLD VINTAGE MAP". Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1957

Jepun memulakan serangan ke atas bandar Kajang pada 11 Januari 1942, termasuk peristiwa pengeboman di Kajang pada 12 Januari.

Peta penaklukan Jepun di Selangor. Kemaraan tentera Jepun di Kajang pada 11 Januari 1942 turut ditandakan (Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1957: |"SELANGOR. JAPANESE INVASION OF MALAYA 1942. MALAYSIA 1957 OLD VINTAGE MAP").

Berikut adalah beberapa petikan catatan pengalaman warga Kajang ketika itu:-

• “Within a month of their landing, the Japanese soldiers had reached Kuala Lumpur. The people of Kajang had braced themselves for any eventuality. They had dug trenches in which to seek cover upon hearing the wailing of the ARP (Air Raid Precaution) siren, the harbinger of the aerial onslaught. The Japanese intended to bomb Kajang and their planes had flown several reconnaissances for that purpose. The much-anticipated bombing occurred on January 12, 1942. The target was of course the Kajang Railway Station at 15th Milestone, Reko Road. The intention was to interdict the British retreat to Singapore.Unfortunately, the bombs fell in the grounds of the cathedral-like Catholic Church which was just across the railway tracks in front of the Railway Station. It was badly damaged; the residence of the Infant Jesus Sisters in the Convent School ground was destroyed. The Japanese warplanes at the same time bombed the Rice Stockpile Center near the Railway Station and strafed the neighborhood. There were scores of civilian fatalities. Several dead bodies lay sprawled in the drains and on the stretch of Reko Road from the Sun Cinema (now a Buddhist Center) to the Kampung Bukit (Reko Road) Muslim Cemetery.There were a few dead bodies too in front of the Kajang English School building* near the Sun Cinema. Several brick houses which suffered the aerial attack had gaping holes punched by machine- gun bullets into their walls. These tell-tale signs were evident in the neighborhood in 1947 when this writer, aged nine, moved in with his parents to live in his uncle's house called the Sentosa at No 11 Reko Road or Kampung Bukit, Kajang(now non-existent).The house had undergone some repairs and had a fresh coat of paint.It was a walk away to the Rice Stockpile Center.Before the outbreak of the War, it was a private school known as the Kajang English School*. As far as it could be ascertained,it had not suffered any significant damage. … * As recounted by Kang Buang (deceased) a long-time resident of Kajang and an alumnus of Kajang English School— Han.Kamalbahrin Lubis.” (Hanafiah Lubis, July 20, 2010: |"THE JAPANESE INTERREGNUM-TOA SEINEN GAKKO; IKENOBU SAN, TSUBOCHI SANAND NIPPON-GO").

• “During the Japanese Occupation, Japanese warplanes bombed Kajang on 12 January 1942; their target was the old railway station but unfortunately the bombs landed on the church and school compound. The church was damaged but somehow the three stained glass window panels suffered only minor damage. Today, the panels can be seen at the back of the altar.” (Eric Lim, July 15, 2020: |"History of Kajang").

Ketika pendudukan Jepun di Kajang, Sekolah Tinggi Kajang telah dijadikan markas tentera Jepun bagi daerah Ulu Langat: “The Japanese bombing raid of Kajang Town mercifully, didn't cause any significant damage to the Kajang High School. Perhaps it was not considered legitimate target on the basis of their assessment of intelligence reports from their espionage network operating from the Japanese Photo Studios in Jalan Tukang. On entering Kajang after the British and Commonwealth troops had fled, the Japanese army seized the Kajang High School and turned it as the Headquarters of the Japanese Imperial Army in the District of Ulu Langat. … As the Head quarters of the Japanese Imperial Army in Ulu Langat, the name of the school was changed to TOA SEINEN GAKKO. It was no longer known by its old British colonial name. Everything associated with British Colonialism and Western Culture in the school was forthwith eliminated and prohibited. Of course the English Language, the standard-bearer of Western Culture, was proscribed and supplanted with the language of the new masters- NIPPON-GO. … As the Kajang Catholic Church had suffered “collateral damage” due to the Japanese bombing of the Railway Station, the Japanese army ordered the closure of the Kajang Convent. The Kajang High School (TOA SEINEN GAKKO) classes in the Convent were ordered to shift to a new location- a movie house called the Queen's Theater (later known as National Theater) on the bank of Sg. Jeluk just a stone's throw from the Convent. … The Japanese classes and Thaiso were held in the morning and afternoon. The Japanese Language was taught to the exclusion of other subjects. In between classes, they had to do gardening on vacant plots of land on the banks of Sg. Jeluk. In this way, pupils were taught self-reliance.Such simple agriculture pursuit in the backyard were naively perceived to be the way to achieve self-sufficiency in food production. The Allied naval blockade of the Malay Peninsula had brought unprecedented hardship and deprivation among the population. Rice was extremely difficult to get,not mention other needs. The long dark nights and the nightmare of the Japanese Interregnum came to an end when the Atom Bombs fell on Japan. After the defeat of the Japanese, Kajang High School was reopened on September 27, 1945.” (Hanafiah Lubis, July 20, 2010: |"THE JAPANESE INTERREGNUM-TOA SEINEN GAKKO; IKENOBU SAN, TSUBOCHI SANAND NIPPON-GO").

LATAR PERISTIWA: Kajang High School (KHS).

	Tarikh	Butiran Keratan
	1942.02.14	"Adnan bin Saidi". Wikipedia

Leftenan Adnan bin Saidi, anak kelahiran Kampung Sungai Ramal (lahir 1915), terkorban di dalam salah satu pertempuran terakhir dengan tentera Jepun di Bukit Candu, Pasir Panjang, Singapura.

Kiri: Leftenan Adnan.
Kanan: “Askar Melayu menggunakan mortar untuk memberikan bantuan serangan rapat.”
(Sumber gambar: Wikipedia: "Pertempuran Bukit Candu").

LATAR PERISTIWA: Leftenan Adnan Saidi (1915-1942).

	Tarikh	Butiran Keratan
	1947.10.10	"AMOK SLAYS FIVE, WOUNDS 12". The Singapore Free Press, 10 October 1947, Page 1
	1947.10.11	"Selangor Train Amok: Death Roll Now 8". Malaya Tribune, 11 October 1947, Page 6
	1947.10.11	"Amok Kills". Indian Daily Mail, 11 October 1947, Page 6
	1947.10.11	"9 DEAD, 12 WOUNDED IN AMOK'S ORGY OF KILLING". The Straits Times, 11 October 1947, Page 1
	1947.10.14	"ALLEGED AMOK CHARGED WITH MURDER". Malaya Tribune, 14 October 1947, Page 7
	1947.10.15	"Alleged Train Amok Charged With Murder Of BOR". Morning Tribune, 15 October 1947, Page 20
	1948.05.04	"ECHO of TRAIN MURDER: INDONESIAN on TRIAL". Malaya Tribune, 4 May 1948, Page 5
	1948.05.05	"Unsound Mind: Not Guilty Of Murder". Malaya Tribune, 5 May 1948, Page 3

Laporan kejadian amuk di atas keretapi Singapura-KL sejurus selepas stesen Bangi. Pengamuk kemudiannya terjun dari keretapi kira-kira 4 batu dari Kajang, di sekitar Sungai Tangkas, lalu mengamuk pula di sebuah rumah kongsi di bawah sebuah jambatan berdekatan landasan. Amukan turut berlaku di Ladang Sungai Tangkas, kira-kira 2 batu dari situ. Tragedi ini telah mengorbankan sejumlah 9 orang, manakala 12 lagi cedera. Pengamuk tersebut, seorang Banjar bernama Mohamed Arsat/Upoh/Utoh/Makaran/Mat Taram bin Saal, adalah penumpang keretapi, bersama anak dan isterinya. Menurut isterinya, mereka telah menjual rumah dan tanah mereka di Bagan Terap, Teluk Anson (Teluk Intan). Berbekalkan hasil jualan sebanyak $200, mereka merancang untuk ke kampung mereka di Pulau Tunggal, Sumatera. Mereka menaiki bas ke Bidor, kemudiannya naik keretapi ke Singapura. Malangnya tambang kapal dari Singapura ke Pulau Tunggal ialah $40 setiap seorang, dan wang mereka tidak mencukupi. Mereka terpaksa kembali ke Teluk Anson, dengan menaiki bas ke Labis, dan kemudiannya menaiki keretapi ini. Selepas kejadian, pengamuk telah melarikan diri ke Teluk Anson, dan membuat laporan kehilangan anak isteri di Sabak Bernam. Di situ beliau tertangkap dan dikenalpasti oleh saksi. Beliau diadili di mahkamah pada Mei 1948, dan dihukum sebagai tidak siuman lalu ditempatkan di hospital kesihatan jiwa di Tanjung Rambutan.

Kemungkinan kawasan amukan (Kiri: Berdasarkan peta Survey Dept. F.M.S., 1950: |"Selangor". Kanan: Berdasarkan Mapcarta, kini).:-
Garisan merah: Di dalam kereta api, sejurus selepas Stesen Bangi, hingga sekitar Kampung Sungai Tangkas.
Bulatan merah: Di sekitar Ladang Sungai Tangkas.

Kiri: Salah satu lokasi pembunuhan. Kanan: Ahli keluarga salah seorang mangsa (Cheow Hin) yang terselamat.

CATATAN: Maklumat lanjut:-

• [Wikipedia]

• Murderpedia: |Mat Taram bin SA'AL

• Azar Ishak @ Soscili, 4 Jan 2021: |"KISAH ‘AMOK’ LELAKI BANJAR DI BANGI YANG MENGORBANKAN NYAWA PADA 73 TAHUN LALU"

LATAR PERISTIWA: Landasan Keretapi Reko-Bangi.

	Tarikh	Butiran Keratan
	1947.12.01	"FIFTY-ONE BOYS STAGE MASS K.L. ESCAPE". The Straits Times, 1 December 1947, Page 1
	1947.12.01	"51 IN SENSATIONAL ESCAPE from BOYS' HOME". Morning Tribune, 1 December 1947, Page 1

51 daripada 75 orang tahanan di pusat pemulihan Selangor Boys' Home di Penjara Pudu, Kuala Lumpur, telah berjaya membebaskan diri mereka pada jam 2 pagi, dengan memanjat bumbung dan pagar premis tersebut. 40 daripadanya berjaya diberkas, antaranya di sekitar Kajang dan Bangi. Ini adalah kejadian kedua selepas kes Cham Tham Lin beberapa bulan sebelumnya, yang berjaya melepaskan diri menggunakan pistol yang diseludup dalam roti. (Cham Tham Lin kemudiannya berjaya diberkas pada akhir bulan ini, dan dijatuhi hukuman pada April 1948).

Kemungkinan perjalanan sebahagian tahanan yang diberkas di Kajang dan Bangi.
Kiri: Berdasarkan peta Survey Dept. F.M.S., 1950: |"Selangor".
Kanan: Berdasarkan Google Maps, kini.

	Tarikh	Butiran Keratan
	1948.03.22	"Woman Fasts 48 Days —For Gandhi". Malaya Tribune, 22 March 1948, Page 2

Seorang balu berbangsa India yang tinggal lebih 1 batu dari Kajang menghala ke Bangi, berpuasa selama 48 hari sejak kematian Mahatma Gandhi, sehingga majlis penghormatan terakhir beliau.

CATATAN: Maklumat lanjut tentang majlis penghormatan terakhir Gandhi di Singapura dan Malaya: "Gandhi's Ashes For Malaya. Malaya Tribune, 16 March 1948, Page 3 (Gambar 1,Gambar 2)

	Tarikh	Butiran Keratan
	1948.07.15	"ILL POLICE GUARD, FLEE ULU YAM VILLAGE". Morning Tribune, 15 July 1948, Page 1
	1948.07.15	"Village Population Flee After Bandit Killings". Malaya Tribune, 15 July 1948, Page 2
	1948.07.15	"3 Bandits Killed: Police Seize Big Camp". The Straits Times, 15 July 1948, Page 1

Antara lain melaporkan pemandu sebuah lori ikan dan sayur cedera ringan (ada laporan mengatakan beliau cedera parah setelah terkena 3 daripada 5 das tembakan) setelah diserang di selekoh Jalan Bangi-Rekoh, ketika dalam perjalanan dari Kajang ke Sungai Pelek: “When bandits ambushed a lorry at the Bangi road, three miles from Kajang this morning, the driver drove through a hail of bullets and escaped with slight wounds caused by glass splinters. The attendant seated next to the driver was unhurt. The lorry, carrying fish and vegetables from Kajang to Sungei Pelek, had its bonnet riddled by bullets. The driver said that he heard the sound of gunfire coming from the direction of the blukar on the roadside but saw no one. Whe bullets shattered the windscreen, glass splinters cut his hands but he put his foot down and drove on. He returned to Kajang under police escort.” (The Straits Times, 15 July 1948, Page 1: |"3 Bandits Killed: Police Seize Big Camp").

LATAR PERISTIWA: Peristiwa serangan ini berlaku sebulan selepas Pengisytiharan Darurat bagi seluruh Malaya.

	Tarikh	Butiran Keratan
	1948.07.17	"OUTNUMBERED POLICE FIGHT BACK, WIN". The Straits Times, 17 July 1948, Page 1

Salah seorang pemimpin MPAJA sejak penaklukan Jepun di Malaya, Lau Yew, adalah antara yang terbunuh dalam serangan balas pihak polis dalam serangan hendap tentera Komunis di sekitar Jalan Kajang-Semenyih, kira-kira sebatu dari Kajang: “Lau Yew, 30-year old leader of the MPAJA in Malaya, was shot dead by police this morning in one of the grimmest, short-range battles of the present campaign against terrorists. Outnumbered, 14 men of a special assault squad for the Selangor C.I.D., who had to withdraw twice as well as conserve ammunition, fought off between 30 and 50 well-armed insurgents who had surprised them in the jungle one mile beyond Kajang.”

CATATAN 1: Menurut laporan Australian Associated Press-Reuter, pihak polis menyerbu sebuah rumah di ladang berdekatan Kajang dan terus membunuh 2 pemimpin pihak Komunis, termasuk Lau Yew: “Two Communist leaders were among 11 terrorists killed by police in a dawn gun battle on a rubber estate near Kajang, 14 miles south of Kuala Lumpur today. One of the men was Lau Yew, 30-year old Chinese president of the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army, who marched with the Malayan contingent in the Victory Parade in London in 1946. The other is believed to have been the leader of the Johore rebels. The battle began when 20 detectives and police, led by a British officer, stormed a house on the estate, killed the two leaders and captured one man and five Chinese women. Thirty Communists, armed with Bren and Sten guns and grenades, counter-attacked and forced the police to withdraw. … The second charge was successful and the terrorists withdrew, leaving 11 dead, including their leaders, the five Chinese women prisoners, who were killed by crossfire, and four others. … Police believe that the house was either the headquarters of the Selangor Branch of the MPAJA or the main headquarters of the Malayan Peoples Anti-British Army. … The only surviving prisoner was an Indonesian Malay who said he was an ex-member of the Malay Regiment and is believed to have been an instructor for the terrorists.” (|"TWO COMMUNIST CHIEFS KILLED - Dawn Gun Battle At Rebel H.Q.", The Advertiser (Adelaide, SA : 1931 - 1954), Sat 17 Jul 1948, Page 1).

CATATAN 2: Setelah berakhirnya penaklukan Jepun pada Januari 1946, Lau Yew adalah antara pemimpin MPAJA/PKM (selain Chin Peng) yang dianugerahi penghargaan oleh pihak British, atas kerjasama mereka menentang tentera Jepun.

Mountbatten and Liu Yau, Red Star Over Malaya,pp.133a

(Sumber maklumat dan gambar: |Hun Ping @ sgfilmhunter/The Hunter, 2012: "Location Scouting in archive footage of the immediate events following the Japanese surrender in 1945 (Part 3 – The Decoration Ceremony)")

CATATAN 3: Maklumat lanjut tentang dinamika hubungan antara pihak Komunis dengan British: Ahmad Zaki Mohd Johari, 2017: |"Kerjasama dan konflik antara Parti Komunis Malaya dengan British Di Tanah Melayu, 1941-1948" (PDF).

	Tarikh	Butiran Keratan
	1948.07.26	"BIGGEST POLICE SWEEP YET IN SELANGOR". The Straits Times, 26 July 1948, Page 1
	1948.07.26	|"Spitfires, Troops Launch Attack In Malaya". The Canberra Times, Mon 26 Jul 1948, Page 1

Operasi pengeboman udara di kawasan kubu tentera Komunis di sekitar Kajang-Semenyih. Antara yang terkorban: seorang tua dan seorang gadis. Diikuti serbuan besar-besaran oleh pasukan polis dan askar.

Kemungkinan kawasan-kawasan yang terlibat dalam peristiwa ini (Berdasarkan Peta Lembah Klang dan Langat, tahun 1950-an (Survey Dept. F.M.S., 1950: |"Selangor")). (Rujuk nota peristiwa di bawah).

• 16/07/1948: (1) Ketua MPAJA, Lau Yew, terkorban dalam serbuan polis terhadap sebuah rumah di dalam ladang getah kira-kira sebatu dari Kajang, menghala ke Semenyih. Siri serbuan sebegini di sekitar Kajang telah memaksa anggota Komunis melarikan diri ke sekitar Semenyih dan Broga: “The recent Army and Police sweeps in Kajang had sent insurgents in the direction of Semenyih and Broga, and it was in this territory that the two British families were ambushed last week as they were being evacuated.”

• 21/07/1948: (2) Pengurus ladang Dominion, J. Downey, diserang hendap kira-kira sebatu ke selatan Kampung Kachau, ketika beliau sekeluarga sedang berpindah ke petempatan sementara. Beliau bersama anak dan pemandunya telah terkena tembakan, lalu dikejarkan ke hospital.
  

• 23/07/1948: Robert, anak J. Downey meninggal dunia akibat luka tembakan yang parah (Malaya Tribune, 24 July 1948, Page 8: |"SHOT BOY DIES").

Polis dan askar British menjalankan sebuah operasi besar-besaran di Semenyih:-

• Pihak British menerima maklumat mengenai sebuah markas komunis di dalam hutan berhampiran Simpah, sebuah kampung setinggan terletak tidak jauh dari jalan raya, kurang 1/4 batu dari pekan Semenyih.

• (3) Markas sementara didirikan di padang Semenyih. Sebuah pos perubatan rejimen didirikan di Sekolah Melayu Semenyih, bersebelahan Masjid Semenyih.
  
  Sekolah Melayu Semenyih, yang dijadikan pos perubatan rejimen ketika itu.
  Kiri: “Bangunan Pertama Sek.Keb.Semenyih 1898. Dirobohkan pada 1969”.
  Kanan: “Bangunan Kedua Sek.Keb.Semenyih 1935. Dirobohkan pada 1979”.
  (Sumber gambar: Laman Rasmi SK Semenyih: |"SEJARAH AWAL PENUBUHAN SK SEMENYIH").

• (4) Sepasukan polis dan askar British ditempatkan di keempat-empat jalan masuk ke pekan Semenyih mulai jam 4.30 pagi pada 25 Disember itu. Semua lalulintas keluar-masuk disekat (kemudiannya dilencongkan melalui Bangi). Pada pukul 6.30 pagi, serangan udara dilancarkan di sekitar lokasi markas komunis di atas, diikuti serangan susulan oleh pasukan polis dan tentera yang bergerak dari keempat-empat penjuru tersebut, meliputi 9 buah estet getah berkeluasan 45 batu persegi di sekitar Semenyih: “This large operation, in which several hundred men of the 26th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery - now turned infantry - and the Police took part, set into motion at 4.30 this morning when the gunners and the Police moved into positions on the four approach roads to Semenyih. As we were waiting at the Kajang-Semenyih junction for the next move forward, three Spitfires buzzed into view at 6.30. It was a matter of moments before the deep rattle of the machine guns and deeper notes of cannons were heard, followed by the explosions of rockets.”
  “The sweep covered an area of 45 square miles of the Semenyih river valley district, notorious for its insurgents. By dusk dead-line today, nearly 35 square miles of this defined bad area had been covered by the Army. About 16 huts, where insurgents are alleged to have lived or been harboured, were set on fire by the Army and Police in the course of their comb-out.”

• (5) Pertempuran paling sengit berlaku di sekitar kawasan lombong di selatan Sungai Semenyih: “The most difficult operation reported was in the tin mining area south of Semenyih River, where the Army found most of the squatters' huts deserted. … The arrest of the gunman came after a difficult chase through Chinese-owned tin mining territory north of the Semenyih-Broga Road. He was caught after having first escaped the Army cordon that closed around his house. The captured man had a rifle and 45 rounds of ammunition.”

• Pasukan Komunis kemudiannya dipercayai berundur ke kawasan hutan di sebelah barat Semenyih: “An army officer said after today's sweep that he believed the insurgents in the territory were now retreating to hide-outs further west in the jungle country or endeavouring to infiltrate the Army's advancing line”.

CATATAN: Maklumat lanjut peristiwa-peristiwa lain seumpama ini di sekitar Semenyih dan Hulu Langat (termasuk Kajang dan Bangi): Abd Malek Abd Hanif malekhanif@yahoo.com @ Komuniti Semenyih: |AKTIVITI KOMUNIS BINTANG TIGA DI SEMENYIH , HULU LANGAT".

	Tarikh	Butiran Keratan
	1948.10.08	"POLICE KILL 5 BANDITS IN 24 HOURS". The Straits Times, 8 October 1948, Page 5
	1948.10.19	"Women And Children In Ambush". Morning Tribune, 19 October 1948, Page 1

Beberapa laporan pertempuran dengan tentera Komunis di seluruh Malaya, antaranya di Bangi.

	Tarikh	Butiran Keratan
	1949.01.12	"Anti-Bandit Operations In Kajang Under New Regulation". Indian Daily Mail, 12 January 1949, Page 4

Operasi pertama pemindahan penduduk setinggan pinggir hutan yang dikenalpasti sebagai kubu Komunis, antaranya di Sungei Jeloh(k), Kajang, terutamanya di sebelah timur Hutan Simpan Jeloh(k). Bandar Kajang sendiri merupakan bekas ibu pejabat Parti Komunis Selangor. Turut dilaporkan, serangan pihak Komunis terhadap sebuah kem Grenadier Guards British di Bangi.

Kawasan ditandakan merah, adalah kemungkinan lokasi kampung setinggan di timur Hutan Simpan Jeloh(k), yang dipercayai kubu Komunis.
Kiri: Berdasarkan peta Survey Dept. F.M.S., 1950: |"Selangor".
Kanan: Berdasarkan peta Mapcarta, kini.

CATATAN: Kemungkinan gambar yang berkaitan dengan peristiwa ini:-

“Saw this photo at exhibition on 70 years anniversary of Emergency Declaration. I have a similar photo which was carried in the newspaper report. British Army and police raided Sungai Jelok villages (Lao Kong & Sin Kong )in Kajang. A mere 30 minute excavation notice was given and the villages were burnt down. This cruel and brutal tactic employed by the British colonialist had caused unaccounted losses and homeless to hundreds of villagers.” (Kajang Heritage Centre, 8 Ogos 2018: "Saw this photo at exhibition on 70 years anniversary of Emergency Declaration.").

LATAR PERISTIWA: Perihal Hutan Simpan Jeloh(k).

	Tarikh	Butiran Keratan
	1949.02.05	"WHO ARE THE SOUATTERS?". Malaya Tribune, 5 February 1949, Page 4

Perihal masyarakat setinggan Cina di pinggir hutan Malaya, sejarah keberadaan dan pengalaman mereka, yang menjadi faktor kecenderungan mereka terhadap ideologi komunisme:-

• 1920-an (Selepas Perang Dunia Pertama): Lonjakan industri getah dan timah: syarikat-syarikat berkaitan berkembang pesat di Malaya, membawa masuk ribuan buruh dari India dan Cina.
  
  
• 1931-1932: Kejatuhan mendadak harga getah dan timah. Banyak ladang dan lombong ditutup, para buruhnya ditinggalkan lalu terkandas di sini akibat hilang pendapatan. Mereka menyara hidup dengan bercucuk tanam di ladang dan lombong tinggal. Masyarakat setinggan sebegini mula berkembang.
  
  
• 1933-1940: Harga getah dan timah beransur pulih. Syarikat kembali ke ladang dan lombong mereka, dan terpaksa mengambil penghuni setinggan bekerja, di samping meneruskan perkebunan mereka. Sementara itu, berlaku perang saudara di tanah besar Cina di antara pihak komunis dan nasionalis, mencetus pertambahan pelarian ke Malaya, lalu mengembangkan lagi populasi masyarakat setinggan di sini.
  
  
• 1941-1945: Penaklukan Jepun ke atas Malaya. Ramai pekerja hilang mata pencarian, lalu turut serta bercucuk tanam, antaranya bersama masyarakat setinggan Cina ini. Pihak Jepun menggalakkannya, sebagai punca pemerasan bekalan makanan. Namun tak semena-mena, petempatan mereka mula menjadi tempat persembunyian para pemberontak gerila yang menentang pihak Jepun, dan mendapat sokongan masyarakat yang tertindas, terutamanya di kalangan anak muda. Pemimpin gerila komunis dari tanah besar Cina mula menyusup masuk. Di samping mengepalai pemberontakan ke atas Jepun, mereka turut membuat persediaan untuk peringkat selepasnya.
  
  
• 1946-1949: Kesan ekonomi pasca Jepun menyebabkan kos sara hidup meningkat. Ramai memilih untuk kekal sebagai petani setinggan. Pihak komunis mula bertindak memulakan pemberontakan terhadap pemerintah. Sebahagian masyarakat setinggan menyokong. Sebahagian lagi menghadapi tekanan dari pihak komunis, lalu terpaksa menjadi pembekal makanan dan maklumat, demi kelangsungan hidup dan keselamatan keluarga mereka. Dalam masa yang sama, mereka turut mendapat tekanan dari pihak pemerintah yang memaksakan sokongan terhadap mereka. Padahal dianggarkan 95% bekalan makanan seluruh Malaya dan Singapura, bergantung kepada hasil tanaman dan ternakan mereka. Antaranya, warga setinggan Bangi turut membekalkan makanan untuk warga Kuala Lumpur.
  

Antara warga setinggan Cina yang sedang dipindahkan.

CATATAN 1: Perihal ekonomi Malaya sebelum, ketika, dan selepas penaklukan Jepun: “Malaya’s resources would have been a significant asset had Japan succeeded in developing the East Asian economic sphere, but in 1942 they were a liability because the large workforces employed on plantations and mines were thrown out of work, and became a potential source of unrest and resistance. By the end of 1943 the Japanese administration was absorbing surplus labour to work on military construction projects, but these jobs did little to alleviate growing economic distress. Moreover, the loss of international trade resulted in a massive shortfall in government revenues, and when the Japanese administration responded by printing currency notes to cover expenses, the predictable result was runaway inflation.” (Paul H. Kratoska: |"THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION: MALAYAN ECONOMY BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER")

CATATAN 2: Kira-kira setahun selepas ini, pihak British menjalankan operasi besar-besaran di seluruh Malaya, bagi memindahkan masyarakat setinggan Cina ini ke perkampungan baru yang dirancang dan dibina berdekatan bandar, khusus untuk memutuskan hubungan mereka dengan kubu-kubu tentera gerila komunis di pinggir hutan (1951-03-14: Perkampungan Baru).

LATAR PERISTIWA: Maklumat lanjut tentang Darurat.

	Tarikh	Butiran Keratan
	1949.03.21	"CLAMP DOWN ON SELANGOR BLACK SPOTS". The Straits Times, 21 March 1949, Page 1

Perintah berkurung (dari 6 petang hingga 6 pagi) kali pertama dikuatkuasakan, di beberapa “kawasan hitam” (berdekatan kubu tentera Komunis) di Selangor: Kajang, Semenyih, Cheras, Broga, Bangi, dan Den(g)kil.

Pengakuan penting: Kami bukan ahli sejarah! Sila klik di sini untuk penjelasan lanjut.

Selain petikan dan sumber yang dinyatakan, rencana ini telah diusahakan oleh TMK Pulasan, di bawah kelolaan Syahrul Sazli Shaharir <sazli@pulasan.my>. Pengakuan penting: Kami bukan ahli sejarah! Sila klik di sini untuk penjelasan lanjut.