| Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revision |
| rekoh [2024/07/25 21:47] – [Latar Tinjauan D.D. Daly] sazli | rekoh [2025/03/10 11:46] (kini) – [1875-1882: Pentadbiran Raja Kahar] sazli |
|---|
| |
| Latar peristiwa: Setelah tamatnya Perang Klang di Selangor, Frank Swettenham yang telah banyak memainkan peranan dalam campurtangan British di negeri itu telah dilantik sebagai penasihat Sultan Selangor pada Ogos 1874, kemudiannya Pembantu Residen Selangor pada Disember 1874: //"On 4 January 1871 a battered paddle-steamer, the S. S. Pluto , limped into Singapore harbour. Destined for the use of the Straits Governor, it carried on board two Cadets of the Straits civil service, one of whom was Frank Swettenham. Some six months later, in July 1871, another British ship, the H.M.S. Rinaldo , was wreaking vengeance on Malay 'pirates' by bombarding the fort at Kuala Selangor . The connection between these events was not then apparent, and even now may seem to be a cunning historian's device: the Selangor 'incident' turned out to be the prelude of further British involvement in that state, and of the Intervention of 1874 Swettenham was a leading agent. In August 1874 he was sent as an informal adviser to the Sultan, at the end of that year he was appointed Assistant Resident at Langat, and from 1882 to 1889 he served as fully fledged Resident of Selangor. ... Between August 1874 and October 1875 (when Davidson and Swettenham were given temporary appointments in Perak to implement Governor Jervois' policy of direct control) the British officers were generally an asset to the established Selangor authori- ties. Swettenham brought about a reconciliation between Sultan Abdul-Samad and his son-in-law, Kudin; persuaded Mahdi's lieutenant, Raja Mahmud, to 'surrender' and remain at Singapore; audited and systematised Kudin's accounts at Klang; mediated in a dispute between Kudin and Bendahara Wan Ahmad of Pahang with fair success; and otherwise kept out of the way of the Malay rulers by travelling extensively in the state."// (Ernest Chew @ Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Vol. 57, No. 1 (246) (1984): {{ :buku:10.2307_41492974.pdf ||}}[[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41492974|"FRANK SWETTENHAM AND YAP AH LOY: THE INCREASE OF BRITISH POLITICAL 'INFLUENCE' IN KUALA LUMPUR, 1871-1885"]], m.s.70-73). | Latar peristiwa: Setelah tamatnya Perang Klang di Selangor, Frank Swettenham yang telah banyak memainkan peranan dalam campurtangan British di negeri itu telah dilantik sebagai penasihat Sultan Selangor pada Ogos 1874, kemudiannya Pembantu Residen Selangor pada Disember 1874: //"On 4 January 1871 a battered paddle-steamer, the S. S. Pluto , limped into Singapore harbour. Destined for the use of the Straits Governor, it carried on board two Cadets of the Straits civil service, one of whom was Frank Swettenham. Some six months later, in July 1871, another British ship, the H.M.S. Rinaldo , was wreaking vengeance on Malay 'pirates' by bombarding the fort at Kuala Selangor . The connection between these events was not then apparent, and even now may seem to be a cunning historian's device: the Selangor 'incident' turned out to be the prelude of further British involvement in that state, and of the Intervention of 1874 Swettenham was a leading agent. In August 1874 he was sent as an informal adviser to the Sultan, at the end of that year he was appointed Assistant Resident at Langat, and from 1882 to 1889 he served as fully fledged Resident of Selangor. ... Between August 1874 and October 1875 (when Davidson and Swettenham were given temporary appointments in Perak to implement Governor Jervois' policy of direct control) the British officers were generally an asset to the established Selangor authori- ties. Swettenham brought about a reconciliation between Sultan Abdul-Samad and his son-in-law, Kudin; persuaded Mahdi's lieutenant, Raja Mahmud, to 'surrender' and remain at Singapore; audited and systematised Kudin's accounts at Klang; mediated in a dispute between Kudin and Bendahara Wan Ahmad of Pahang with fair success; and otherwise kept out of the way of the Malay rulers by travelling extensively in the state."// (Ernest Chew @ Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Vol. 57, No. 1 (246) (1984): {{ :buku:10.2307_41492974.pdf ||}}[[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41492974|"FRANK SWETTENHAM AND YAP AH LOY: THE INCREASE OF BRITISH POLITICAL 'INFLUENCE' IN KUALA LUMPUR, 1871-1885"]], m.s.70-73). |
| | |
| | {{:gambar:hmsrinaldo-1871.png?600|Lukisan gambaran serangan H.M.S.Rinaldo terhadap Kuala Selangor pada tahun 1871}} \\ |
| | Lukisan gambaran serangan H.M.S.Rinaldo terhadap Kuala Selangor pada tahun 1871 (Stefan Eklöf Amirell, 2018: {{ :lampiran:ojsadmin_02_ekloef_amirell.pdf ||}}[[https://doi.org/10.15626/hn.20184102|"Civilizing pirates: Nineteenth century British ideas about piracy, race and civilization in the Malay Archipelago"]], m.s.36): //"HMS Rinaldo bombarding Salangore, in the Strait of Malacca (engraving); 1625891 HMS Rinaldo bombarding Salangore, in the Strait of Malacca (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: HMS Rinaldo bombarding Salangore, in the Strait of Malacca. Illustration for The Illustrated London News, 2 September 1871. English School (19th Century)); Look and Learn / Illustrated Papers Collection. © Look and Learn / Illustrated Papers Collection / Bridgeman Images ... This engraving showcases the dramatic scene of HMS Rinaldo bombarding Salangore in the Strait of Malacca. Created by an English School artist in the 19th century, this print captures a significant moment in maritime history. The image depicts the intense naval combat between HMS Rinaldo, a vessel from the Royal Navy, and Salangore, a strategic location in Malaysia. The powerful bombardment is evident as explosions fill the air and waves crash against both ships. This historical event was documented for The Illustrated London News on September 2nd, 1871. The artwork not only highlights the military prowess of HMS Rinaldo but also emphasizes the importance of this region for trade and exploration during that time."// (Media Storehouse: {{ :laman:hms_rinaldo_bombarding_salangore_in_the_strait_of_malacca.pdf ||}}[[https://www.mediastorehouse.com.au/fine-art-finder/artists/english-school/hms-rinaldo-bombarding-salangore-22532164.html|"HMS Rinaldo bombarding Salangore, in the Strait of Malacca (engraving)"]]). |
| |
| Pada tahun 1875, Frank Swettenham telah menjelajah sepanjang Sungai Langat, dan merupakan pembesar British yang pertama tiba di Rekoh. Perjalanan beliau dari Bandar Langat (Kuala Langat) ke Rekoh sejauh 57 batu mengambil masa kira-kira 5 hari. Ketika itu Sungai Langat merupakan satu-satunya jalan pengangkutan hasil bijih timah dari kawasan pedalaman. Pada musim kering, perjalanan tersebut mengambil masa 13 hari, akibat aras air sungai yang cetek. Percubaan awal pembuatan [[jalan_reko_telokdatok|jalan dari Rekoh ke Klang]] telah ditangguhkan, oleh kerana kawasan hutan paya yang luas di antaranya: //"Until 1883, when it became a separate administrative district with Kajang as its headquarters, Ulu Langat was merely an inland extension of Kuala Langat. Anderson, for example, in 1824 described the Langat as 'a small river' with about 500 people along its valley, who exported tin and rattan. He did not himself venture so far south in Selangor as this. If he had done so, he would have found that the winding river was navigable to small ships and also tidal to a point some 12 miles upstream from Bandar Langat, with a minimum depth of 12 feet. From that point, the character of the river changed, so that in 1875 it took Swettenham five days to cover a distance of 57 miles from Bandar Langat to Rekoh. He found the river 'very difficult, the current always getting stronger, and the snags were numerous and larger'. From Kajang he struggled on to Cheras and finally to Ulu Langat village, a total distance of 93 miles from Bandar Langat.3 He proposed to bypass the middle stretch with a road, but the land was swampy and so the road was not constructed until the early twentieth century, when the advent of rubber had created both a need and the resources for it. Nonetheless, until lateral roads to link Ulu Langat with Kuala Lumpur and Seremban were built in the 1880s, the river was the only means of exporting tin, and in the dry season the water level dropped so that a heavily laden boat might take 13 days to travel downstream."// (J. M. Gullick @ JMBRAS Vol. 80, No. 2 (293) (December 2007): {{ :buku:10.2307_41493693.pdf ||}}[[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41493693|"A Short History of Ulu Langat to 1900"]], m.s.1). | Pada tahun 1875, Frank Swettenham telah menjelajah sepanjang Sungai Langat, dan merupakan pembesar British yang pertama tiba di Rekoh. Perjalanan beliau dari Bandar Langat (Kuala Langat) ke Rekoh sejauh 57 batu mengambil masa kira-kira 5 hari. Ketika itu Sungai Langat merupakan satu-satunya jalan pengangkutan hasil bijih timah dari kawasan pedalaman. Pada musim kering, perjalanan tersebut mengambil masa 13 hari, akibat aras air sungai yang cetek. Percubaan awal pembuatan [[jalan_reko_telokdatok|jalan dari Rekoh ke Klang]] telah ditangguhkan, oleh kerana kawasan hutan paya yang luas di antaranya: //"Until 1883, when it became a separate administrative district with Kajang as its headquarters, Ulu Langat was merely an inland extension of Kuala Langat. Anderson, for example, in 1824 described the Langat as 'a small river' with about 500 people along its valley, who exported tin and rattan. He did not himself venture so far south in Selangor as this. If he had done so, he would have found that the winding river was navigable to small ships and also tidal to a point some 12 miles upstream from Bandar Langat, with a minimum depth of 12 feet. From that point, the character of the river changed, so that in 1875 it took Swettenham five days to cover a distance of 57 miles from Bandar Langat to Rekoh. He found the river 'very difficult, the current always getting stronger, and the snags were numerous and larger'. From Kajang he struggled on to Cheras and finally to Ulu Langat village, a total distance of 93 miles from Bandar Langat.3 He proposed to bypass the middle stretch with a road, but the land was swampy and so the road was not constructed until the early twentieth century, when the advent of rubber had created both a need and the resources for it. Nonetheless, until lateral roads to link Ulu Langat with Kuala Lumpur and Seremban were built in the 1880s, the river was the only means of exporting tin, and in the dry season the water level dropped so that a heavily laden boat might take 13 days to travel downstream."// (J. M. Gullick @ JMBRAS Vol. 80, No. 2 (293) (December 2007): {{ :buku:10.2307_41493693.pdf ||}}[[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41493693|"A Short History of Ulu Langat to 1900"]], m.s.1). |
| |
| Tindakan ini telah mengakibatkan ketegangan di antara Selangor dan Sungai Ujong, oleh kerana sebelum ini keduanya bersempadankan Sungai Langat: //"Kawasan Sungai Ujong masa dahulu sangat luas, beberapa buah tempat di dalam Negeri Selangor sekarang ini dahulunya dalam kawasan Sungai Ujong. Tempat itu ialah seperti Kajang, Rakoh, Semenyeh, Beranang dan beberapa kampong lain lagi yang kecil-kecil. Sempadan di antara Dato' Kelana Sungai Ujong dengan To' Engku Kelang, Batang Langat (Sungai Langat). Kanan mudek kawasan Sungai Ojong dan kiri mudek kawasan Dato' Engku Kelang. Kawasan sebelah kanan Sungai Langat ini ialah kawasan-kawasan yang termasuk Kajang, Semenyeh, Rakoh dan Beranang. Pada masa Sungai Ujong di perintah oleh Dato' Kelana Sendeng (Dato' Kelana ke-V) Semenyeh telah diberikan kepada Tunku Sutan menantu kepada Raja Husin waris Sungai Ujong. Tunku Sutan dan Raja Husin telah membuka Semenyeh hingga ramai penduduk-penduduknya. Banyak hasil bijih timah dikeluarkan dari sana dan telah diberi izin oleh Dato' Kelana akan Tunku Sutan dan Raja Husin memungut cukai-cukai itu untuk sara hidup mereka. Kemudian Raja Husin membuka Beranang pula pada tahun 1878. Kemudian Tengku Kahar Putera Sultan A. Samad duduk di Kajang hingga Inggeris mencampuri pemerintahan Negeri Selangor."// (Perpustakaan Negeri Sembilan: {{ :lampiran:82a6de76e4954a58c4a64258c6384737.pdf ||}}[[https://malaycivilization.com.my/items/show/98078|"Sungai Ujong"]]). | Tindakan ini telah mengakibatkan ketegangan di antara Selangor dan Sungai Ujong, oleh kerana sebelum ini keduanya bersempadankan Sungai Langat: //"Kawasan Sungai Ujong masa dahulu sangat luas, beberapa buah tempat di dalam Negeri Selangor sekarang ini dahulunya dalam kawasan Sungai Ujong. Tempat itu ialah seperti Kajang, Rakoh, Semenyeh, Beranang dan beberapa kampong lain lagi yang kecil-kecil. Sempadan di antara Dato' Kelana Sungai Ujong dengan To' Engku Kelang, Batang Langat (Sungai Langat). Kanan mudek kawasan Sungai Ojong dan kiri mudek kawasan Dato' Engku Kelang. Kawasan sebelah kanan Sungai Langat ini ialah kawasan-kawasan yang termasuk Kajang, Semenyeh, Rakoh dan Beranang. Pada masa Sungai Ujong di perintah oleh Dato' Kelana Sendeng (Dato' Kelana ke-V) Semenyeh telah diberikan kepada Tunku Sutan menantu kepada Raja Husin waris Sungai Ujong. Tunku Sutan dan Raja Husin telah membuka Semenyeh hingga ramai penduduk-penduduknya. Banyak hasil bijih timah dikeluarkan dari sana dan telah diberi izin oleh Dato' Kelana akan Tunku Sutan dan Raja Husin memungut cukai-cukai itu untuk sara hidup mereka. Kemudian Raja Husin membuka Beranang pula pada tahun 1878. Kemudian Tengku Kahar Putera Sultan A. Samad duduk di Kajang hingga Inggeris mencampuri pemerintahan Negeri Selangor."// (Perpustakaan Negeri Sembilan: {{ :lampiran:82a6de76e4954a58c4a64258c6384737.pdf ||}}[[https://malaycivilization.com.my/items/show/98078|"Sungai Ujong"]]). |
| | |
| | Sempadan asal Kelang-Sungai Ujong menurut Terombo Sungai Ujong (1901): //"FASAL 11. Sempadan Sungai Ujong Dengan Dato'-dato' Yang Empat, Kelang, Sg. Ujong, Jelebu dan Johol. 11.1. Kawasannya yang telah dibuka oleh Batin-Batin dibawah pemerentah masing-masing iaitu Batang Langat, Kuala Labu, Bukit Jukerah, Lalu ke Tunggul Sejaga, Semonyeh terus ke Merbok Awang Hilir Rakoh, Subang Hilang, antara Kajang dan Rakoh terus ke Bukit Perhentian Rimbun perbatasan dengan Pahang. 11.2. Sebelah kiri mudik Sungai Langat di punyai oleh Kelang. Sebelah Kanan mudik Sungai Langat Sungai Ujong punya."// (Susunan Haji Muhammmad Tainu dan Zaini bt. Abd. Hamid, Jawatan Kuasa Penyelidikan Budaya Negeri Sembilan, November 1993, berdasarkan Raja Aman Raja Hussin, 1901: Terombo Sungai Ujong: {{ :lampiran:90cf81b911cf77165a763d132fa728f9.pdf ||}}[[https://malaycivilization.com.my/items/show/98551|"Rengkasan Terombo Sungai Ujong"]], m.s.9-10). |
| |
| Terdapat perkhabaran bahawa Raja Kahar turut tidak disenangi sesetengah pihak di perkampungan Ulu Langat, namun Swettenham berpendapat sebaliknya, lalu menyokong beliau: //"(Swettenham to Sec. for Native States, 8 Apr. 1875, enclosed in Clarke to Sec. State, 27 Apr. 1875, CO 809/5): There were also increasing complaints about Raja Kahar. Soon after Swettenham had arrived in Langat, 'Abdul-Samad permitted him to take charge of the Ulu Langat district. In early 1873 complaints were frequently made by people in the village of Ulu Langat about the raja’s behaviour and when Swettenham visited the district later the same month he went armed with a letter from the Sultan instructing his son to obey Swettenham. Contrary to his expectations he was very impressed by Kahar's efforts to restore the town of Kajang and revive its trade and encourage reopening of mines in the area. The source of the complaints was a Menangkabau Imam, Prang Mat Asis, who collected duties in Ulu Langat and resented Raja Kahar's presence. Swettenham claimed that from this episode the word spread that there was wide-spread discontent and migration from Ulu Langat; but in his opinion there was no evidence either at Kajang or Ulu Langat village that Raja Kahar had abused his powers. Instead, at both places Swettenham supported the authority of the Raja and confirmed his right to collect taxes. He permitted the Imam to collect duties at Ulu Langat on the condition that they were sent to Tungku Zia'u'd-din (25 March 1875: Swettenham hoped eventually to have penghulu's established at Reko, Kajang, Cheras and Ulu Langat, each collecting a two dollar duty on every bhara of tin , half going to the Sultan and the remainder to the penghulu). By August, however, Swettenham was informed that Raja Kahar was acting | Terdapat perkhabaran bahawa Raja Kahar turut tidak disenangi sesetengah pihak di perkampungan Ulu Langat, namun Swettenham berpendapat sebaliknya, lalu menyokong beliau: //"(Swettenham to Sec. for Native States, 8 Apr. 1875, enclosed in Clarke to Sec. State, 27 Apr. 1875, CO 809/5): There were also increasing complaints about Raja Kahar. Soon after Swettenham had arrived in Langat, 'Abdul-Samad permitted him to take charge of the Ulu Langat district. In early 1873 complaints were frequently made by people in the village of Ulu Langat about the raja’s behaviour and when Swettenham visited the district later the same month he went armed with a letter from the Sultan instructing his son to obey Swettenham. Contrary to his expectations he was very impressed by Kahar's efforts to restore the town of Kajang and revive its trade and encourage reopening of mines in the area. The source of the complaints was a Menangkabau Imam, Prang Mat Asis, who collected duties in Ulu Langat and resented Raja Kahar's presence. Swettenham claimed that from this episode the word spread that there was wide-spread discontent and migration from Ulu Langat; but in his opinion there was no evidence either at Kajang or Ulu Langat village that Raja Kahar had abused his powers. Instead, at both places Swettenham supported the authority of the Raja and confirmed his right to collect taxes. He permitted the Imam to collect duties at Ulu Langat on the condition that they were sent to Tungku Zia'u'd-din (25 March 1875: Swettenham hoped eventually to have penghulu's established at Reko, Kajang, Cheras and Ulu Langat, each collecting a two dollar duty on every bhara of tin , half going to the Sultan and the remainder to the penghulu). By August, however, Swettenham was informed that Raja Kahar was acting |
| (Sumber: Faizal Zainal @ Selangor 10, 10 Januari 2020: {{ facebook:ladang_getah_pertama_-_facebook.pdf ||}}[[https://www.facebook.com/selangordarulehsan10/posts/2534231880193746|"Ladang Getah Pertama"]]). | (Sumber: Faizal Zainal @ Selangor 10, 10 Januari 2020: {{ facebook:ladang_getah_pertama_-_facebook.pdf ||}}[[https://www.facebook.com/selangordarulehsan10/posts/2534231880193746|"Ladang Getah Pertama"]]). |
| |
| **LATAR PERISTIWA: [[ladang_kindersley|Perladangan Kindersley]]**. | **LATAR PERISTIWA: [[ladang_kindersley|Perladangan Kindersley]] dan [[https://kajang.pulasan.my/inchkenneth_estate|Inch Kenneth Estate (1894)]]**. |
| |
| {{:peta:peta-selangor-1901.png?600|Peta Selangor, tahun 1901}} \\ | {{:peta:peta-selangor-1901.png?600|Peta Selangor, tahun 1901}} \\ |
