Differences

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--- jalan_ayer_itam [2022/02/03 13:13] – [1892-05-03: Pembukaan Tanah di Ayer Itam] sazli
+++ jalan_ayer_itam [2024/03/06 07:35] (kini) – [Peta Jalan: 1904] sazli
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Jalan Ayer Itam ======
+====== Jalan Ayer Itam (1896-1905) ======
 ===== Dirujuk oleh =====
   * [[harimau_malaya|Harimau Malaya]]
+  * [[kg_sungai_ramal|Kampung Sungai Ramal]]
+  * [[west_country_estate|West Country Estate]]
   * [[sejarahbangi-1900-1909#harimau|1905-12-07: Harimau]]
 ====== 1891-1892: Pembukaan Ayer Itam ======
+Antara faktor pembukaan tanah di kawasan pedalaman seperti Ayer Itam ini adalah kesan spekulasi meluas berkenaan tanaman kopi. Sekitar tahun ini, ladang kopi meliputi 2,800 hektar tanah di Selangor: //"Under the Perak Land Code of 1879, State Land was divided into the categories only of Waste Land, Malay Reservation, Building Land and Mining Reserves. Waste Land included forest land, alienable for agriculture. Similar leases from Waste Land served the ‘coffee craze’, in Selangor, led by T.H. Hill, a planter from Ceylon. Rathborne, Lim Swee King and members of the Malay nobility joined the speculation. In the 1890s coffee covered about 2,800 ha in Selangor."// (Jeyamalar Kathirithamby-Wells, 2005: {{ :buku:nature_and_nation_-_jeyamalar_kathirithamby_wells.pdf ||}}[[https://nuspress.nus.edu.sg/products/nature-and-nation|NATURE AND NATION: Forests and Development in Peninsular Malaysia"]] ([[https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:857290/FULLTEXT01.pdf|PDF]]), m.s. 118).
 ===== 1891-10-16: Pembukaan Tanah =====
@@ Line 48: / Line 52: @@
 (Sumber: PEJABAT SETIAUSAHA KERAJAAN NEGERI SELANGOR, 16/10/1891: {{ :arkib:19570028016d02.pdf ||}}[[https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/digital/asset/38529|"FORWARDS A COPY OF A PETITION FROM THE RECENT SETTLERS OF AYER ITAM WHO ASK THAT THEY MAY NOT BE IMMEDIATELY CALLED ON TO INCUR THE EXPENSE OF DEMARCATION OF THEIR LAND"]]).
-===== 1892-05-03: Pembukaan Tanah di Ayer Itam =====
+===== 1892-05-03: Pendudukan Warga =====
 Pada 3 Mei 1892, pegawai daerah Kuala Langat telah mengenalpasti beberapa mukim di kawasan pedalaman yang perlu dibuka untuk pendudukan tetap, bagi menjana kegiatan ekonomi di sana. Antaranya adalah mukim Ayer Itam:-
@@ Line 60: / Line 64: @@
 **CATATAN**: Pada mulanya pihak British memberikan pengecualian cukai bagi tiga tahun pertama pendudukan, bagi menggalakkan penghijrahan warga agar mereka dapat mengerjakan tanah tersebut. Namun tidak semena-mena hal ini menyebabkan mereka duduk berpindah randah, agar tidak perlu membayar cukai tersebut. Ini menyebabkan sesetengah pentadbir memansuhkan pengecualian ini, malah mengenakan syarat yang ketat untuk mendudukinya: //"In the late nineteenth century the Malay Peninsula was sparsely populated, and large tracts of land were uncultivated. One objective of the British administration was to open potentially productive areas for settlement by estate interests where investment could be attracted and otherwise by peasant cultivators or immigrants to the peninsula from Sumatra and elsewhere in the region. Toward this end, land was made available to peasant farmers free of any payment to the government during the first three years of occupancy, and in some instances cash advances were given as well. ... The inducements offered by the government attracted settlers, but there were repeated complaints from officials about the instability of Malay peasant settlements. The District Officer of Kuala Selangor wrote in 1894 that he was taking steps to discourage "nomadic" cultivation "where the people raise merely one crop of padi and then abandon the land. ... In Perak, for example, the rent-free period was eliminated and more rigorous settlement procedures were introduced. Under the new rules, only "natives of the mukim in which they apply or of a neighbouring mukim" who "have good reasons, such as increasing families and so forth", or else "Bonafide immigrants of Malay race" were to be allowed to acquire land. In the case of immigrants, "measures should be taken to discover whether they really come from outside the Federated Malay States and mean to stay", while "Federated Malay States Malays are not to be encouraged to wander up and down the Federation, planting impermanent products."// (Paul H. Kratoska, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Vol. 16, No. 1 (Mar., 1985), pp. 16-45: {{ :buku:10.2307_20070839.pdf ||}}[[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20070839|"The Peripatetic Peasant and Land Tenure in British Malaya"]]).
-====== 1896-1905: Kajang - Ayer Itam =====
+====== 1896-1905: Jalan Kajang - Ayer Itam =====
 Setelah pembukaan tanah dibuat, jalan yang menghubungkan Kajang dengan Ayer Itam (sekitar Kampung Pulau Meranti - Bukit Puchong kini) mula dirancang. Ianya dibina secara berperingkat mulai 1896, dan siap sekitar 1905.
@@ Line 78: / Line 82: @@
 {{:peta:jalan-ayeritam-1896.png?800|Lakaran cadangan Jalan Sg Chuau (Kajang) - Ayer Itam, 1896}} \\
 Lakaran cadangan Jalan Sg Chuau (Kajang) - Ayer Itam, 1896 (PEJABAT SETIAUSAHA KERAJAAN NEGERI SELANGOR, 14/04/1896: {{ :arkib:19570062586d02.pdf ||}}[[http://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/collection/asset/784015|"KAJANG - REKO BRIDLE ROAD-AS TO COST OF CONVERTING IT INTO A CARTROAD -"]]).
+{{:gambar:pagan_races_of_the_malay_peninsula_1906_14801480253_.jpg?600|Ahli masyarakat Temuan di sekitar Sungai Chuau, 1900-an}} \\
+Ahli masyarakat Temuan di sekitar Sungai Chuau, 1900-an (Walter William Skeat, Charles Otto Blagden, 1906: [[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pagan_races_of_the_Malay_Peninsula_(1906)_(14801480253).jpg|"Pagan races of the Malay Peninsula"]], m.s.804-805).
 ===== 1896-08-17: Pembinaan Jalan =====
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 **Kiri**: Peta Jalan Kajang - Ayer Itam, berdasarkan peta negeri Selangor, tahun 1900-an (Edinburgh Geographical Institute, 1904 @ Yale University Library - Digital Collections: {{ :laman:selangor_federated_malay_states_1904_john_bartholomew_co_w.t._wood_chief_draftman._-_yale_university_library.pdf ||}}[[https://collections.library.yale.edu/catalog/15827242|"Selangor, Federated Malay States, 1904 / John Bartholomew & Co ; W.T. Wood, chief draftman"]]). Ketika ini bahagian jalan yang berturap adalah dari Kajang hingga berdekatan Sungai Chuau/Chua/Chiow/Cheow (ditandakan ungu). \\
 **Kanan**: Lakaran kasar jalan berturap yang sama, kini ([[https://mapcarta.com/W888199089|Mapcarta]]): Dari Kajang hingga kawasan IOI Resort City, Putrajaya (ditandakan ungu).
+===== 1904: Serangan Gajah =====
+//"16. Complaints have also been made of the ravages of elephants along the Sungei Chuau road. A resident of Kajang was recently charged by a bull elephant within half a mile of the town. He succeeded in wounding the animal, and the herd has since moved off to the neighbourhood of the New Reko-Bangi road. ... - O.F.Stonor. District Officer, Ulu Langat."// (Arkib Negara 1957/0119358W, 14/11/1904: {{ :arkib:19570119358d02.pdf ||}}[[https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/group/asset/1380953|"MONTHLY REPORT FOR OCTOBER, 1904"]]).
 ===== 1904-02-02: Siri Penurapan Terakhir =====
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 Serentak dengan itu, penurapan semula dijalankan dari simpang Jalan Sungai Chua sepanjang 2 batu: //"Tenders will be received at the Office of the Secretary to Resident, Kuala Lumpur up to noon of the 9th January, 1905 for the Remetalling of Ayer Itam Road from Junction with Sungai Chua Road to 2nd mile (2 miles)."// (PEJABAT SETIAUSAHA KERAJAAN NEGERI SELANGOR, 10/12/1904: {{ :arkib:19570119836d02.pdf ||}}[[https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/digital/asset/1476607|"REMETALLING AYER ITAM ROAD - TENDERS FOR :-"]]).
 ===== 1905-08-02: Hutan Simpan Ayer Itam =====
@@ Line 190: / Line 202: @@
 (Sumber: PEJABAT SETIAUSAHA KERAJAAN NEGERI SELANGOR, 08/01/1906: {{ :arkib:19570126658d02.pdf ||}}[[https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/digital/asset/1394594|"COOLIES LINES - AYER ITAM"]]).
+===== 1906-03-30: Getah di West Country Estate =====
+Sekitar Mac 1906, akhbar Malay Mail meramalkan bahawa ladang getah di [[west_country_estate|West Country Estate]] bakal meliputi 5,000 ekar, sehingga ke Jalan Ayer Hitam: //"The Malay Mail believes that within two years from now, there will probably be 5,000 acres planted up with rubber in the district stretching from West Country, Kajang, to the Ayer Hitam road.'// (Eastern Daily Mail and Straits Morning Advertiser, 30 March 1906, Page 3: {{ :akhbar:easterndaily19060330-1-2-35-35.pdf ||}}[[https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/easterndaily19060330-1.2.35.35|"Untitled"]]).
+**LATAR PERISTIWA: [[west_country_estate|West Country Estate]]**.
 ===== 1906-08-13: Ladang Bukit Hitam =====