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| getah_di_malaya [2024/03/29 07:05] – [1950-an: Keadaan Sebelum Merdeka] sazli | getah_di_malaya [2024/03/29 07:07] (kini) – [1908-09-23: Keadaan Industri Getah Dunia] sazli |
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| Hal Ehwal Semasa Industri Getah. (Bukan Malaya, tapi tetap menarik untuk dibaca). | Hal Ehwal Semasa Industri Getah. (Bukan Malaya, tapi tetap menarik untuk dibaca). |
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| [[start#pengakuan_pentingkami_bukan_ahli_sejarah|Pengakuan penting: Kami bukan ahli sejarah! Sila klik di sini untuk penjelasan lanjut.]] | ===== Peta Guna Tanah Malaya 1942 ===== |
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| | {{:peta:kz467md5062_00_0001-1280px.png?400|Peta Guna Tanah Malaya 1942}} \\ |
| | Peta guna tanah Malaya 1942 (United States. Office of Strategic Services, 1942: {{ :arkibgambar:roads_and_railroads_of_malaya_cartographic_material_in_searchworks_catalog.pdf ||}}[[https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/9255071|"Map no. 678, July 9, 1942"]]). |
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| {{youtube>kCuC9OM7tSY?large&start=936&end=1056|"5 Faces Of Malaya 1937"}} 5 Faces Of Malaya 1937: //"A rubber plantation; trees tended by Tamils (1599); tapping the trees; sap collected in a cup (1642); the sap collected by a Tamil woman (1654). Rl. 2. The collected sap is carried in buckets to the collection point and poured into large vats. The production of rubber sheets at the rubber plantation; the sap is passed through a washing solution of acid; the sheets are passed through a wringer and made thin; they are then hung out to dry (86)."// (Strand Film Company, 1938: {{ :laman:five_faces_colonialfilm.pdf ||}}[[http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk/node/1840|"FIVE FACES"]]). | {{youtube>kCuC9OM7tSY?large&start=936&end=1056|"5 Faces Of Malaya 1937"}} 5 Faces Of Malaya 1937: //"A rubber plantation; trees tended by Tamils (1599); tapping the trees; sap collected in a cup (1642); the sap collected by a Tamil woman (1654). Rl. 2. The collected sap is carried in buckets to the collection point and poured into large vats. The production of rubber sheets at the rubber plantation; the sap is passed through a washing solution of acid; the sheets are passed through a wringer and made thin; they are then hung out to dry (86)."// (Strand Film Company, 1938: {{ :laman:five_faces_colonialfilm.pdf ||}}[[http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk/node/1840|"FIVE FACES"]]). |
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| ===== Peta Guna Tanah Malaya 1942 ===== | |
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| {{:peta:kz467md5062_00_0001-1280px.png?400|Peta Guna Tanah Malaya 1942}} \\ | |
| Peta guna tanah Malaya 1942 (United States. Office of Strategic Services, 1942: {{ :arkibgambar:roads_and_railroads_of_malaya_cartographic_material_in_searchworks_catalog.pdf ||}}[[https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/9255071|"Map no. 678, July 9, 1942"]]). | |
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| ===== 1950-1990an: Suasana di Ladang ===== | |
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| ==== 1950-an: Keadaan Sebelum Merdeka ==== | ===== 1950-an: Keadaan Sebelum Merdeka ===== |
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| Keadaan buruh India di ladang getah, sehingga tahun 1950-an: //"For Indian workers on the Malayan frontier, the plantation became the ‘boundary of existence’, where they were trapped in an unending cycle of dependency and poverty. Plantations were isolated and there were few opportunities for personal advancement. Indian workers’ foreign status and inability to speak either Malay or English intensified their segregation and vulnerability. Besides vagrancy laws, both personal relations to the kangani and the provision of essential facilities for a basic transplanted social life promoted stabilization of the plantation population (Arasaratnam 1970, 63). According to Gamba (1955, 24), the provision of housing and other amenities by planters was a built-in mechanism for social control. Labourers living in estate housing were not charged money rent (which was deducted from their wages at source). Consequently, if they were dismissed, they faced both eviction and expulsion. Jain (1970) has described the rubber plantation system as a ‘community subsystem’, where the plantation functioned as a ‘total institution’."// (Amarjit Kaur, 2014: {{ :lampiran:kaurplantationinmalaysia_joac.12061copy.pdf ||}}[[https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12061|"Plantation Systems, Labour Regimes and the State in Malaysia, 1900–2012"]] ([[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260643711_Plantation_Systems_Labour_Regimes_and_the_State_in_Malaysia_1900-2012|PDF]]), m.s.8). | Keadaan buruh India di ladang getah, sehingga tahun 1950-an: //"For Indian workers on the Malayan frontier, the plantation became the ‘boundary of existence’, where they were trapped in an unending cycle of dependency and poverty. Plantations were isolated and there were few opportunities for personal advancement. Indian workers’ foreign status and inability to speak either Malay or English intensified their segregation and vulnerability. Besides vagrancy laws, both personal relations to the kangani and the provision of essential facilities for a basic transplanted social life promoted stabilization of the plantation population (Arasaratnam 1970, 63). According to Gamba (1955, 24), the provision of housing and other amenities by planters was a built-in mechanism for social control. Labourers living in estate housing were not charged money rent (which was deducted from their wages at source). Consequently, if they were dismissed, they faced both eviction and expulsion. Jain (1970) has described the rubber plantation system as a ‘community subsystem’, where the plantation functioned as a ‘total institution’."// (Amarjit Kaur, 2014: {{ :lampiran:kaurplantationinmalaysia_joac.12061copy.pdf ||}}[[https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12061|"Plantation Systems, Labour Regimes and the State in Malaysia, 1900–2012"]] ([[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260643711_Plantation_Systems_Labour_Regimes_and_the_State_in_Malaysia_1900-2012|PDF]]), m.s.8). |
