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hutan_ayer_itam [2022/05/05 11:12] – sazlihutan_ayer_itam [2022/10/24 22:55] (kini) – [1926-04-13: Penyahwartaan Awal] sazli
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 ===== Perihal ===== ===== Perihal =====
 +
 +//"Hutan Simpan Ayer Hitam (HSAH) terletak 20 km dari Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang Selangor, 45 km dari kesibukan kotaraya Kuala Lumpur dan 25 km dari pentadbiran Putrajaya. Terletak di tengah-tengah bandar Puchong yang pesat membangun dengan kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi, di sinilah tersembunyinya ‘Paru-Paru Hijau Lembah Klang’ Hutan Simpan Ayer Hitam. Berkeluasan 1182.07 hektar, hutan ini masih kekal dengan kehijauan flora dan kepelbagaian faunanya. Di sini juga terletaknya Pusat Pendidikan Perhutanan Sultan Idris Shah (SISFEC) yang menguruskan segala aktiviti penyelidikan dan pendidikan di HSAH. \\
 +\\ 
 +Terdapat 430 spesies tumbuhan berbiji, 33 spesies paku pakis, 127 spesies balak, 29 spesies buah hutan dan 121 spesies tumbuhan ubatan yang terdapat di hutan ini. Bagi kategori fauna, kira-kira 208 spesis burung, lima spesies primat, 15 spesies kelawar, 17 mamalia kecil tidak terbang, 10 spesies reptilia, 39 spesies katak dan 11 spesies ikan. Kepelbagaian spesies flora dan fauna di dalam hutan simpan ini telah mewujudkan satu ekosistem yang melengkapi dan saling menyokong antara satu sama lain. \\
 +\\ 
 +Keunikan hutan ini bukan sahaja terhadap kepelbagaian flora dan faunanya, tetapi juga dengan kehadiran penghuni asal hutan simpan ini iaitu orang asli dari suku Temuan yang masih menggunakan hutan ini. Suku Temuan dari dua buah kampung iaitu Kampung Sungai Rasau Hilir dan Taman Orang Asli Saujana Puchong dikatakan telah tinggal di dalam hutan ini sejak 400 tahun lamanya. Sehingga kini walaupun telah mengecapi arus permodenan, dan tidak lagi tinggal di dalam hutan, mereka masih menggunakan hutan ini untuk mengutip hasil hutan, menjalankan aktiviti keramaian dan upacara tradisi kaum mereka."//
 +
 +(Sumber: Mohd Naeem Abdul Hafiz Bin Mohd Hafiz (UPM), Prof. Madya Dr. Marina Mohd. Top @ Mohd. Tah (UPM), 12/08/2020: {{ :laman:hutan_simpan_ayer_hitam_geronggang_majalahsains.pdf ||}}[[https://www.majalahsains.com/hutan-simpan-ayer-hitam-geronggang/|"Hutan Simpan Ayer Hitam & Geronggang"]]).
  
 //"The Ayer Hitam forest reserve in Puchong is one of the most precious tracts of remaining lowland dipterocarp forest in highly urbanized Selangor state. Originally covering 4270 hectares and gazetted as a forest reserve way back in 1906, it has suffered from a series of de-gazettements throughout the years, until it is now only some 1200 hectares. Even this is being reduced as I speak, as developers continue to quietly eat away at the borders of the reserve. The forest is now totally surrounded by “concrete jungle”. The reserve is leased out to a nearby local university, University Putra Malaysia (UPM) since the 1990s, for 80 years, as a living “laboratory” for students to conduct research, but as I see it, its future is far from assured. Another tract of forest towards the north, the Bukit Cherakah forest reserve, has already suffered greatly from surrounding housing development despite being the nation’s Agro-Forestry Park, and is rapidly being whittled down to a few hundred hectares from its original 1300 hectares; the Ayer Hitam forest reserve will likely end up the same way as well."// (JungleBoy @ RAINFOREST JOURNAL, August 10, 2012: {{ :laman:ayer_hitam_forest_reserve_puchong_-_rainforest_journal.pdf ||}}[[https://www.rainforestjournal.com/ayer-hitam-forest-reserve-puchong/|"Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Puchong"]]). //"The Ayer Hitam forest reserve in Puchong is one of the most precious tracts of remaining lowland dipterocarp forest in highly urbanized Selangor state. Originally covering 4270 hectares and gazetted as a forest reserve way back in 1906, it has suffered from a series of de-gazettements throughout the years, until it is now only some 1200 hectares. Even this is being reduced as I speak, as developers continue to quietly eat away at the borders of the reserve. The forest is now totally surrounded by “concrete jungle”. The reserve is leased out to a nearby local university, University Putra Malaysia (UPM) since the 1990s, for 80 years, as a living “laboratory” for students to conduct research, but as I see it, its future is far from assured. Another tract of forest towards the north, the Bukit Cherakah forest reserve, has already suffered greatly from surrounding housing development despite being the nation’s Agro-Forestry Park, and is rapidly being whittled down to a few hundred hectares from its original 1300 hectares; the Ayer Hitam forest reserve will likely end up the same way as well."// (JungleBoy @ RAINFOREST JOURNAL, August 10, 2012: {{ :laman:ayer_hitam_forest_reserve_puchong_-_rainforest_journal.pdf ||}}[[https://www.rainforestjournal.com/ayer-hitam-forest-reserve-puchong/|"Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Puchong"]]).
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 (Sumber: PEJABAT SETIAUSAHA KERAJAAN NEGERI SELANGOR, 29/01/1906: {{ :arkib:19570127343d02.pdf ||}}[[https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/digital/asset/1394672|"ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FOREST DEPARTMENT, SELANGOR, FOR THE YEAR 1905"]]). (Sumber: PEJABAT SETIAUSAHA KERAJAAN NEGERI SELANGOR, 29/01/1906: {{ :arkib:19570127343d02.pdf ||}}[[https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/digital/asset/1394672|"ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FOREST DEPARTMENT, SELANGOR, FOR THE YEAR 1905"]]).
 +
 +===== 1905-10/11: Harimau di Jalan Ayer Itam =====
 +
 +Pada Oktober atau November 1905, seorang pemotong kayu telah diserang seekor harimau di sekitar Bangi. Di dalam pergelutan itu, dengan bersenjatakan sebilah kapak, beliau telah menetak salah satu kaki belakang harimau itu sebanyak dua kali, lalu berjaya melepaskan dirinya.
 +
 +Kira-kira satu atau dua bulan kemudian, pada pagi 7 Disember 1905, telah berlaku satu lagi serangan harimau di suatu lokasi terpencil di pinggir [[hutan_ayer_itam|Hutan Ayer Itam]].
 +
 +Kronologi peristiwa:-
 +
 +  * 7/12, 8 pagi: Harimau menyerang 3 orang pemotong kayu yang sedang keluar bekerja, 1.5 batu dari kediaman mereka di Batu 9 [[jalan_ayer_itam|Jalan Ayer Hitam]] (13.5 batu / 21.7 kilometer dari Kajang). Salah seorang daripada mereka menetak kepala harimau tersebut dengan sebilah parang. Harimau tersebut melarikan diri, dan semua terselamat.
 +
 +  * 7/12, 11.30 pagi: Harimau yang sama mengekori salah seorang pemotong kayu sejauh satu batu, sebelum menyerang lalu membunuhnya. Mayatnya dibawa lari.
 +
 +  * 8/12: Pasukan pencari dari Kajang, diketuai oleh individu bernama "Mr. Hay", berjaya menemui mayat pemotong kayu tersebut. Jerat "spring gun" dipasang di lokasi tersebut. Selepas tengah malam, bunyi das tembakan kedengaran, menandakan jerat telah mengena.
 +
 +  * 9/12 (pagi): Terdapat kesan darah di lokasi, dan bangkai harimau ditemui beberapa ela dari situ.
 +
 +  * 9/12 (malam): Bangkai harimau dibawa ke Kajang untuk dibedah siasat. Ukuran panjang badannya 8 kaki 8 inci (2.6 meter), dan dianggap agak besar. Di kakinya terdapat dua kesan luka tetakan, kemungkinan besar oleh pemotong kayu di Bangi 1-2 bulan sebelumnya.
 +
 +Kulit harimau ini kemudiannya dibawa ke [[muzium_negara|Muzium Kuala Lumpur]], yang baru saja siap dibina. Mr Hay pula telah dibayar upah sebanyak $50 oleh pihak pentadbiran British, lebih satu kali ganda daripada kadar biasa ketika itu iaitu $25.
 +
 +Sepanjang tahun 1905 itu, sejumlah 16 orang mangsa korban harimau telah direkodkan di sekitar [[jalan_ayer_itam|Jalan Ayer Itam]]. Setelah terbunuhnya harimau ini, tiada lagi serangan harimau dilaporkan di situ. Berdasarkan pemerhatian ini, kemungkinan juga mangsa-mangsa tersebut adalah korban harimau yang sama.
 +
 +Ketika peristiwa ini berlaku, pekan Bangi sedang dibangunkan ([[awal_bangi#pembukaan_pekan_bangi|dibuka tahun 1902]]), dan bahagian jalan yang menghubungkan Kajang dengan Ayer Itam baru saja dibina ([[jalan_ayer_itam#siri_penurapan_terakhir|diturap sepenuhnya tahun 1906]]). Kawasan hutan di sekitar Bangi dan Ayer Itam pula sedang dalam proses pewartaan sebagai hutan simpan ([[hutan_simpan_bangi#pewartaanbangi_forest_reserve|diwartakan tahun 1906]]).
 +
 +**Sumber:-**
 +
 +^ ^ Tarikh ^ Butiran Keratan ^
 +| {{:akhbar:straitsecho19051216-1-2-4.png?10|A Man-eater Killed}} | 1905.12.16 | [[https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitsecho19051216-1.2.4|"A Man-eater Killed.". Straits Echo, 16 December 1905, Page 2]] |
 +| {{akhbar:singfreepresswk19051221-1-2-98.png?10|MAN-EATER KILLED AT ULU LAN GAT}} | 1905.12.21 | [[https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19051221-1.2.98|"MAN-EATER KILLED AT ULU LAN GAT". The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (Weekly), 21 December 1905, Page 397]] |
 +
 +Gambaran lokasi secara kasar:-
 +
 +{{:peta:hutan-ayeritam-1905-harimau.png?420|Anggaran kawasan serangan harimau di pinggir Hutan Ayer Itam pada 7/12/1905, berdasarkan peta yang hampir dengan tarikh kejadian}}{{:peta:hutan-ayeritam-kini-harimau.png?480|Anggaran kawasan serangan harimau di pinggir Hutan Ayer Itam pada 7/12/1905, kini}} \\
 +Anggaran kawasan serangan harimau di pinggir [[hutan_ayer_itam|Hutan Ayer Itam]] pada 7/12/1905. \\
 +**Kiri**: Berdasarkan peta yang hampir dengan tarikh kejadian (PEJABAT SETIAUSAHA KERAJAAN NEGERI SELANGOR, 02/08/1905: {{ :arkib:19570124054d02.pdf ||}}[[https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/digital/asset/1399246|"PORPOSED FOREST RESERVE IN AYER ITAM AND SUNGEI BESI MUKIMS, ULU LANGAT DISTRICT - RE :-"]]). \\
 +**Kanan**: Berdasarkan [[https://mapcarta.com/N5532450346|Mapcarta]], kini. Lokasinya di sekitar [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Meranti|Kampung Pulau Meranti]]. \\
 +**Titik merah**: kediaman mangsa di Batu 9, Jalan Ayer Itam. \\ 
 +**Bulatan ungu**: kemungkinan sekitar kawasan serangan, iaitu sekitar 1.5 batu dari lokasi kediaman. \\ 
 +**Bulatan biru**: kemungkinan kawasan serangan di Bangi, 1-2 bulan sebelumnya. \\
 +
 +Mr Hay, individu yang berjaya membunuh harimau ini, dianugerahi upah sebanyak $50 (kadar biasa: $25) oleh pihak pentadbiran British, sebagaimana budaya lazimnya ketika itu: //"There appears to be no doubt that this was a man-eater, judging by the account published in The Malay Mail. ... The D.O. may pay the double reward. $50."// (PEJABAT SETIAUSAHA KERAJAAN NEGERI SELANGOR @ Arkib Negara Malaysia, 11/12/1905: {{ :arkib:19570126148d02.pdf ||}}[[https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/digital/asset/1471284|"REWARD TO MR. HAY FOR KILLING A TIGER - RE :-"]]).
 +
 +Ketika pendudukan Jepun, pada 10 Mac 1945, [[muzium_negara|Muzium Kuala Lumpur]] telah terkena bom tentera udara Amerika Syarikat, menyebabkan kesemua koleksi bahan pameran yang terletak di bahagian kanan bangunan muzium mengalami kemusnahan. Koleksi muzium yang terselamat ditempatkan sementara di bilik darjah di Sekolah Convent Bukit Nenas, Kuala Lumpur sehingga akhir tahun 1945. Setelah British kembali memerintah, muzium sementara dibina pada 11 Februari 1953, sebelum dirobohkan pada tahun 1958, digantikan dengan Muzium Negara kini, yang siap sekitar tahun 1963. Tidak dapat dipastikan sama ada kulit harimau tersebut telah musnah atau hilang di sepanjang peristiwa ini. (Sumber: Jabatan Muzium Malaysia, 2016: {{ :lampiran:laporan_tahunan_2016_jmm.pdf ||}}[[http://www.jmm.gov.my/ms/content/laporan-tahunan-jmm|"Laporan Tahunan 2016"]], m.s.27-28).
 +
 +Liputan peristiwa serangan harimau yang mungkin ada kaitan:-
 +  * //"A Chinese wood-cutter has fallen a victim to a tiger four miles from Sungei Besi in Selangor. The poor fellow's coat was found in the afternoon on the 14th June, and the searchers came across great quantities of blood but no remains have been discovered. This, according to the Malay Mail, is the fourth victim recently in that neighborhood, and presumably the same tiger, which, judging by the footprints, is a huge beast."// (The Straits Times, 20 June 1905, Page 5: {{ :akhbar:straitstimes19050620-1-2-66.pdf ||}}[[https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19050620-1.2.66|"Untitled"]]).
 +
 +  * Harimau hanya memakan manusia bila terdesak atau mengalami kecederaan atau kecacatan. Ia juga boleh merayau hingga sejauh 35 batu (Straits Echo, 2 August 1905, Page 4: {{ :akhbar:straitsecho19050802-1-2-15-3.pdf ||}}[[https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitsecho19050802-1.2.15.3|"Man-eaters"]]).
 +
 +  * //"Mr. O.F.Stonor, of Kuala Kubu, writes... All the recent cases in Ulu Langat have occured, again roughly speaking, within a radius of about five miles from Kajang. This can scarcely be considered an extraordinarily wide beat for a tiger; and I am prepared to lay a modest wager that the destruction of a single authenticated man-eater will put an effectual stop to the whole business."// (Straits Echo, 2 August 1905, Page 5: {{ :akhbar:straitsecho19050802-1-2-24.pdf ||}}[[https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitsecho19050802-1.2.24|"Man-Eating Extraordinary"]]).
 +
 +  * //"A tiger carried off a Chinese wood-cutter within a mile of Sungei Besi on Saturday last, while the man was at work with a companion."// (Eastern Daily Mail and Straits Morning Advertiser, 24 November 1905, Page 1: {{ :akhbar:easterndaily19051124-1-2-8.pdf ||}}[[https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/easterndaily19051124-1.2.8|"STATES DAY BY DAY"]]).
 +
 +**LATAR PERISTIWA: [[harimau_malaya|Harimau Malaya]]**
 +
 +**LATAR PERISTIWA: [[jalan_ayer_itam|Jalan Ayer Itam]]**
 +
 +**LATAR PERISTIWA: [[muzium_negara|Muzium Kuala Lumpur / Muzium Negara]]**
  
 ===== 1926-04-13: Penyahwartaan Awal ===== ===== 1926-04-13: Penyahwartaan Awal =====
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 ===== 2012-03-21: Pusat Pendidikan Perhutanan ===== ===== 2012-03-21: Pusat Pendidikan Perhutanan =====
  
-Sebuah pusat pendidikan perhutanan didirikan di pinggir Hutan Simpan Ayer Hitam (HSAH). Pada 21 Mac 2012, [[https://forenv.upm.edu.my/sisfec-3361|Pusat Pendidikan Perhutanan Sultan Idris Shah / Sultan Idris Shah Forestry Education Center (SISFEC)]] telah dirasmikan:-+Pada 21 Mac 2012, Sebuah pusat pendidikan perhutanan didirikan di pinggir Hutan Simpan Ayer Hitam (HSAH). Ia telah dirasmikan sebagai [[https://forenv.upm.edu.my/sisfec-3361|Pusat Pendidikan Perhutanan Sultan Idris Shah / Sultan Idris Shah Forestry Education Center (SISFEC)]]:-
  
 //"It was launched by the UPM Chancellor, Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah on the 21st March 2012. This centre is located approximately 20 km from Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Serdang, Selangor and 32 km from Kuala Lumpur. The centre landscape not only seems to be the refuge for many wildlife species especially small mammals and birds but is also a place that provides the populace in the Klang Valley as a green area for forest recreation. \\ //"It was launched by the UPM Chancellor, Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah on the 21st March 2012. This centre is located approximately 20 km from Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Serdang, Selangor and 32 km from Kuala Lumpur. The centre landscape not only seems to be the refuge for many wildlife species especially small mammals and birds but is also a place that provides the populace in the Klang Valley as a green area for forest recreation. \\
hutan_ayer_itam.1651720341.txt.gz · Last modified: 2022/05/05 11:12 by sazli